Transforming the Search Space with Gray Coding

| Genetic algorithm test functions have typically been designed with properties in numeric space that make it diicult to locate the optimal solution using traditional optimization techniques. The use of Gray coding has been found to enhance the performance of genetic search in some cases. However, Gray coding produces a diierent function mapping that may have fewer local optima and diierent relative hyperplane relationships. Therefore, inferences about a function will not necessarily hold when transformed to another search space. In fact, empirical results indicate that some genetic algorithm test functions are signiicantly altered by Gray coding such that local optimization methods often perform better than genetic algorithms.